Some Notes on Pahang

Pahang
 

to 1887

1887 - 28 Dec 1903

Adopted 28 Dec 1903

Capital: Kuantan (Kuala Lipis 1898-1955; Pekan to 1898)

Hear State Anthem "Ya Allah Yang Maha Kuasa"

Text of State Anthem Adopted 1923

Population: 1,288,376 (2000)

1460                       Negeri Pahang Darul Makmur established.
1623 - 1853                In personal union with Johor, eventually becoming a
                             fief of the Bendahara. 
Aug 1888                   British protectorate.
 1 Jul 1896                Part of Federated Malay States.
 3 Jan 1942 - 12 Sep 1945  Occupied by Japan (Malay Federation).
 1 Apr 1946                Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).

Rulers, with the title Bendahara Seri Maharaja
1756 - 1802                Tun Abdul Majid bin Tun Hasan      (b. 1718 - d. 1802)
1802 - 1803                Tun Muhammad bin Tun Abdul Majid   (b. 17.. - d. 1803)
1803 - 1806                Tun Koris bin Tun Abdul Majid      (b. 17.. - d. 1806)
1806 - 1857                Tun Ali bin Tun Koris              (b. 1782 - d. 1857)
1857 - 30 May 1863         Tun Muhammad Tahir bin Tun Ali     (b. 1813 - d. 1863)
30 May 1863 -  3 Jun 1863  Muda Koris bin Tun Muhammad Tahir  (b. 18.. - d. 1863)
10 Jun 1863 -  6 Aug 1882  Tun Ahmad bin Tun Ali              (b. 1836 - d. 1914)
Sultans¹
 6 Aug 1882 -  3 Apr 1909  Tuanku Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah ibni
                             al-Marhum Tun Ali                (s.a.)
 3 Apr 1909 - 19 Jun 1917  Tuanku Mahmud Shah ibni al-Marhum
                             Sultan Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah     (b. 1868 - d. 1917)
19 Jun 1917 - 23 Jun 1932  Tuanku Abdullah al-Mutasim Billah
                             ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad
                             al-Muadzam Shah                  (b. 1874 - d. 1932)
23 Jun 1932 -  7 May 1974  Tuanku Abu Bakar Riayatuddin
                             al-Muadzam Shah ibni al-Marhum
                             Sultan Abdullah                  (b. 1904 - d. 1975)
 7 May 1974 -              Tuanku Ahmad Shah al-Mustain       (b. 1930)
                             Billah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abu
                             Bakar Riayatuddin al-Muadzam Shah 
29 Mar 1979 - 25 Apr 1984  Tengku Abdullah -Regent            (b. 1959)

Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
 1 Feb 1948 -  1 Feb 1951  Dato' Setia Wangsa Sir Mahmud bin
                             Mat
 1 Feb 1951 -  1 Feb 1955  Tengku Panglima Perang Tengku
                             Mohamad ibni al-Marhum Sultan
                             Ahmad (1st time)
 1 Feb 1955 - 15 Jun 1955  Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar Abdul
                             Razak bin Hussein                (b. 1922 - d. 1976)
15 Jun 1955 -  8 Jan 1957  Tengku Panglima Perang Tengku
                             Muhamad ibni al-Marhum Sultan
                             Ahmad (2nd time)
 9 Jan 1957 - 18 Jul 1959  Datuk Kurnia Paduka Raja Abdullah
                             bin Tok Muda Ibrahim
18 Jul 1959 -  5 May 1964  Orang Kaya Indera Pahlawan Wan
                             Abdul Aziz bin Ungku Abdullah
 5 May 1964 -  1 Sep 1972  Dato' Pentara Raja Tan Sri Yahaya
                             bin Mohd Seh
 1 Sep 1972 - 18 Jul 1978  Datuk Seri Mohamad bin Jusoh                             UMNO
19 Jul 1978 -  7 Nov 1981  Datuk Abdul Rahim bin Bakar
11 Nov 1981 -  4 May 1982  Datuk Abdul Rashid bin Abdul
                             Rahman
 4 May 1982 - 14 Aug 1986  Dato' (from 24 Oct 1985, Dato'
                             Seri) Najib Tun Razak            (b. 1953)             UMNO/BN
14 Aug 1986 - 20 May 1999  Dato' (from 24 Oct 1987, Dato' 
                             Seri; from 24 Apr 1989, Tan Sri)
                             Khalil Yaakob                    (b. 1937)             UMNO/BN
20 May 1999 -              Dato' (from 24 Oct 1999, Dato'
                             Seri; from 9 Oct 2004, Datuk Seri)
                             Adnan Yaakob                     (b. 1950)             UMNO/BN

British Residents
1888 - 1896                John Pickersgill Rodger            (b. 1851 - d. 1910)
1896 - 1900                Hugh Clifford (1st time)           (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
1900 - 1901                Arthur Butler                      (b. 18.. - d. 1901)
1901                       D.H. Wise (acting)
1901 - 1905                Hugh Clifford (2nd time)           ( s.a.)
1905 - 1908                Cecil Wray
1908 - 1909                Harvey Chevallier (acting)
1909 - 1910                Edward Lewis Brockman              (b. 1865 - d. 1943)
1910 - 1911                Warren Delabere Barnes             (b. 1865 - d. 19..)
1911 - 1917                Edward John Brewster               (b. 18.. - d. 1931)
1917 - 1921                Cecil William Chase Parr           (b. 1871 - d. 1943)
1921 - 1922                F.A.S. McClelland (acting)         (b. 1873 - d. 1947)
1922 - 1926                Henry Wagstaffe Thomson            (b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1926 - 1929                Arthur Furley Worthington          (b. 1874 - d. 1964)
1929 - 1930                C.F.J Green
1931 - 1935                Hugh Goodwin Russell Leonard       (b. 1880 - d. 19..)
1935 - 1941                C.C. Brown
1937 - 1938                J.V. Cowgill (acting for Brown)
Japanese governors
1942 - Aug 1945            ....
British Commissioners
1945 - 1949                ....
1949 - 1953                W.C.S. Corry
1953                       John Allen Harvey                  (b. 1900)
1953 - 1954                J.L.H. Davis                       (b. 1911)
1954 - 1957                ....

 ¹Full style of the ruler: KeBawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Negara Pahang Darul Makmur ("Sultan and Head of State of Pahang").

Release 0.9: Metaweb - Emergent Structure vs. Intelligent Design (10 comments )

This is the essay I was born to write... Or rather, this is the essay I was nurtured to write. I have spent decades looking at structured databases, powerful and rigid, and at text, infinitely malleable and flexible, but not terribly useful without a human to interpret it. [See disclosure at end.]

Long ago, I met Danny Hillis and David Waltz at Thinking Machines, the company Danny founded. It was one of those "AI" companies, focused on large text corpuses with clients such as Dow Jones. I'll always remember David's comment: "Words are not in themselves carriers of meaning, but merely pointers to shared understandings." In other words, the meaning is in people's heads.

Now Danny has a new company, Metaweb, which announced its first product (Freebase) on Friday: The world hasn't changed forever, but Freebase is a milestone in the journey towards representing meaning in computers.

The company calls Freebase a "data commons": The public is invited to add data and even structure.

What is it? It's basically an extensive tool to represent the world in a way that can be understood by computers as well as by people. The excitement is not that it can support better search, but that it can support more powerful applications. Rather than present information to humans so that they can figure out what to do with it, it represents information in a way that lets computers manipulate it.

For example, suppose you want to plan a trip to Moscow (or imagine your own favorite information-intensive task that involves integrating information from several sources, making a few transactions, and ending up with some complex task accomplished). You may search for information about venues and hotels. You will check your schedule to see what appointments you have to plan, and perhaps look at Google or Yandex maps to minimize your travel (and time spent in traffic). But in the end, you don't really want search results: You want to book hotels, schedule appointments, communicate with the people you're going to visit.

All this requires a lot of understanding of how locations, schedules, people, appointments and even expense reporting interact. If you're setting up a meeting with Bernie Sucher at Merrill Lynch, you need to know the location of Merrill's Moscow office. You need to know that it will take three hours to get into town, that you swim every morning so your first appointment can't start until 90 minutes after the opening of the swimming pool. And so on.

This is just one example...but it shows exactly how complicated a simple thing can be. Things are part of other things; they consume or depend on or interact with other things in particular ways. The trick (and Metaweb's goal) is to represent that complexity with enough specificity and precision that a computer can manipulate it. So you can go beyond finding information; you can direct a computer to manipulate it on your behalf.

That's the big win: not better search, but the ability actually to leverage the information and go beyond search to action. In a way, when you do things (as opposed to searching for information) online, you're designing a solution or constructing a complex situation. If the software knows enough to fit the pieces together with some brief instructions from you, that's a big win.

Putting Metaweb in context

At one end, you have the World Wide Web, plain text or even Wikipedia. You can match things on the basis of text strings (including thesauruses) or links. As a human being, you can read and learn from the texts and images. You can also navigate links if you are a person, or, if you 're a computer, you can use the presence of links to select or rank items to be presented to the user (including complicated weightings on the basis of how many links those linking sites get). But in the end, the result of the computer's efforts is a ranking or possibly a set of clusters of items. You don't get any kind of structure or relationship: Is the child father to the man? Does the dog chase the bus or the other way around? You don't know...unless, as a human, you read the text.

At the other end, you can have an Oracle (or MySQL) database with multiple tables. The tables are cross-indexed, so that a table of people could list their friends or their direct reports... but it's extremely hard for a normal person to add new kinds of relationships. And it's clunky and difficult to represent the complexity of the real world.

In the middle is Metaweb, which has the flexibility of text with the power of the database.

To illustrate further, take a car: The text/image approach would simply represent it as a monolithic object - "a car." There could be descriptions of it, tags such as "red" or a price, and photos, but in the end, nothing that would mean much until a human looked at them. A computer could search for prices, but it might confuse the price of the optional Garmin navigator with the price of the car.

By contrast, the database would represent the car as a set of tables (or perhaps some geometrical vectors). Imagine that you had to take your car apart every night and store all its pieces on separate shelves in your garage, and then reassemble it in the morning. That's what working with a database is like.

Meanwhile, Metaweb lets you represent it whole yet still complex: The car is a unified thing, but you can still see the individual parts and how they fit together. You could also specify where they come from and what they cost.

Yes, you could do that in a Wikipedia entry too, of course, or you could add another table in Oracle. The difference in Metaweb is how easy it is to do that in a scalable way... In short, Metaweb has an easy grammar for extending itself.

Reprise: Emergent structure vs. intelligent design

This all reflects a fundamental if still incoherent debate. There's one school of thought that says that if you just collect enough data and throw enough algorithms at it, the inherent structure - and the understanding of that structure - will emerge. After all, that's what happens with human beings, though it takes a decade or more. (And in some people, the process even continues into old age.) The recent explosion of tagging is taken as evidence of this: With their tags, users are creating implicit relationships among online objects, and indeed, complex webs of relationships are emerging, with nodes, clusters and other rich structures. But the relationships themselves are poorly defined, other than strong or weak - and possibly, links made by my friends or by trusted authorities, vs. links created by anyone.

By contrast, the opposing point of view says we have to hand-design the relationships and structures - like the complex database schema about cars.

Where Metaweb differs from that approach - and from "ontology" projects such as Cyc - is this: Metaweb's creators have "intelligently designed" the grammar of how the relationships are specified, but they are relying on the wisdom (or the specific knowledge) and the efforts of the crowd to create the actual content - not just specific data, but specific kinds of relationships between specific things.

Metaweb has a process (including editing and approval) for people both to define relationships, and to use those relationships to describe specific instances.

At least for now, the Metaweb approach is more likely to yield short-term results that look intelligent.

[From Google Reader] 79 year old veggie oil maker

This item was sent to you by awalludin.ramlee@gmail.com from Google Reader. 79 year old veggie oil maker David Wetzel, 79, makes his own fuel from recycled vegetable oil for his 1986 Volkswagen Golf, gets 46 miles per gallon - pretty neat huh? Well, the Illinois Department of Revenue visited and want him to pay a "motor fuel tax" (retroactively) and he might be hit with a $2,500 bond, a class 3 felony and a lot of other awful stuff - or it might just end up being $244 in taxes for the fuel he made. State makes big fuss over local couple's vegetable oil car fuel, Thanks NovySan! - Link. From the pages of MAKE: Making biodiesel - The best way to learn how to make your own backyard biodiesel is to start with a one-liter batch. It's easy to make a small batch that will work in any diesel engine. You won't need any special equipment--an old... Source: http://www.makezine.com/blog/archive/2007/03/79_year_old_veggie_oil_ma.html?CMP=OTC-0D6B48984890 If you no longer wish to receive message like this, please contact the sender. Try Google Reader today: http://www.google.com/reader/

Today I bumped into this. How this will take up the web arena i cant guest.
What do you think..

ublish and view documents online with Scribd

from Lifehacker

A kind of YouTube for e-books, Scribd lets you view documents online and share your own documents with the world.

You can upload one or more documents without even signing up. Scribd supports Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF and other popular formats. It features an embedded viewer that lets you read documents online, so there's no need to download anything. However, you can download documents in a variety of formats; print them; view them full-screen; and even hear them read aloud. If you do sign up, you can see various analytics about your documents, such as how many people read them and from what locations.

This thing is seriously cool, a great way to find and share information. I'm concerned that copyright violations could cause it trouble (witness YouTube), but I suspect Scribd will be with us for a long time to come. — Rick Broida

Scribd

this too shall pass

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A LOT OF THINGS MIGHT HELP you in your relationship, but when you try to sift out the most important, your ability to deal with conflict will be at or near the top of the list. Would you like to experience less conflict? Would you like to feel calmer during conflicts? Would you like to resolve them easier? Here's how: Remember whatever is happening is temporary. There are several reasons this principle is so important. When someone assumes her problem is permanent, it can lead to depression, according to Martin Seligman, one of the top researchers in his field. Assuming that something bad is permanent is one of the biggest contributors to the downward spiral of depression, and depression is the most common psychological problem people experience — and one of the most destructive. Merely being disheartened is a mild form of depression. Although it's milder, it happens more often. When you feel disheartened, you want to stop trying. This not only feels bad, it makes you less capable of dealing well with conflict. Coming from an entirely different angle, Buddha tried to find out what caused suffering. By his own assessment, one of his most important findings is that when people fail to accept the temporary nature of things, they suffer more than they need to. According to Buddha (and I happen to agree with him on this), this lack of acceptance that things are temporary and always changing is one of the main sources of suffering for humanity. When Abraham Lincoln was in the White House, he experienced stress, and that is an understatement if I've ever made one! Soldiers were getting slaughtered by the tens of thousands and Lincoln was the one sending them to their tragic deaths. He was a deeply empathetic man, so this tremendous slaughter caused him immense despair and sadness and pain. But it needed to be done, and decisions needed to be made every day. To keep himself calm enough to deal with it, he often said to himself, this too shall pass. He used this phrase as a kind of mantra. He was able to maintain his rationality and carry out his duties at a crucial time in history — largely by reminding himself again and again that whatever is happening is temporary. This too shall pass. The one constant in this universe is that everything changes. Remind yourself of this and you'll suffer less. You'll get disheartened less often and less intensely. And — back to our original purpose — you'll deal with conflict better. Say that phrase to yourself next time you feel upset about something. Use it as a mantra. The circumstances that caused the upset will change — maybe not all of them, but some parts of your circumstances will change all by themselves fairly quickly. And remind yourself that your feelings will change inevitably, even if you do nothing to change them. You won't stay upset forever. I know this is obvious to you now, but when you're upset, you tend to forget this important truth. It's a simple idea, but it can dramatically ease the strain of the moment, making you better able to deal with it, creating less stress in your body, and making you a calmer person to interact with.   Say to yourself in times of stress: This too shall pass.

Author: Adam Khan
author of the book Self-Help Stuff That Works

Ar-Rashid
The Righteous Teacher

We shall teach thee,
and thou wilt not forget aught of what thou art taught,
save what God may will thee to forget --
for verily, He alone knows all that is open to man's perception as well as all that is hidden from it --
and thus shall We make easy for thee
the path towards ultimate ease.
Al-A'la 87:7-8, tr. Asad

God turns you from one feeling to another
and teaches by means of opposites,
so that you will have two wings to fly,
not one.
Rumi, Mathnawi II:1552, 1554, tr. Helminski

Klik di sini utk berita dan gambar:
http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/content.asp?y=2007&dt=0305&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Dalam_Negeri&pg=dn_01.htm

Nadiah Amirah peroleh 19 1A SPM 2006

Oleh SUNARTI KIBAT

BATU PAHAT 4 Mac – Keputusan peperiksaan Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) 2006 yang akan diumumkan pada 12 Mac ini dijangka menyaksikan satu lagi rekod baru dilakarkan apabila seorang pelajar perempuan dari sebuah sekolah di pekan Rengit dekat sini berjaya memperoleh 19 1A.

Pelajar pintar itu, Nadiah Amirah Jamil, 18, ialah penuntut Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tun Sardon.

Berita kejayaan itu dibayangkan kepada Nadiah Amirah oleh pegawai Kementerian Pelajaran yang menghubunginya pada 24 Januari lalu bagi mendapatkan biodatanya.

Pengumuman kejayaan itu kelak, jika benar, akan memadamkan rekod Nur Amalina Che Bakri dari Sekolah Menengah Ulu Tiram dekat Johor Bahru yang mendapat 17 1A dalam SPM 2004.

Nadiah Amirah, anak sulung daripada tiga beradik, mengambil mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu, Bahasa Inggeris, Matematik Moden, Matematik Tambahan, Fizik, Kimia, Biologi, Sejarah, Pendidikan Islam serta Bahasa Inggeris dalam Sains dan Teknologi (EST).

Dia juga mengambil subjek Prinsip Akaun, Perdagangan, Ekonomi Asas, Tasaur Islam, Pendidikan Al-Quran dan Sunah, Pendidikan Syariah Islamiah, Sains Teras, Geografi dan Sastera.

Gadis ini sememangnya pelajar pintar sejak di sekolah rendah lagi apabila mencatatkan keputusan 5A dalam peperiksaan Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) di Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Tongkang, Rengit.

Keputusan itu melayakkannya meneruskan pelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Sains Kluang dan dia sekali lagi mencatat keputusan cemerlang 9A dalam peperiksaan Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR).

Demi cita-citanya untuk memadamkan rekod Nur Amalina yang menjadi idolanya, Nadiah Amirah sanggup meninggalkan segala kemudahan di sekolah berasrama penuh untuk kembali menyambung pelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tun Sardon yang dikategorikan sebagai sekolah luar bandar.

Tanpa had

Ketika ditemui Utusan Malaysia, Nadiah Amirah berkata, hanya di sekolah biasa sahaja seseorang pelajar dibenarkan mengambil jumlah mata pelajaran tanpa had dalam peperiksaan SPM.

Katanya, jika dia hendak menyaingi Nur Amalina, dia kena bertukar ke sekolah biasa.

Usaha dan pengorbanannya itu berbaloi dengan kejayaan cemerlang sebagai pelajar tunggal yang memperoleh 19 1A.

Namun apa yang pasti, Johor sekali lagi bakal melahirkan seorang pelajar pintar daripada keluarga sederhana.

Kata Nadiah Amirah: "Keazaman dan cita-cita mengatasi segalanya."

Bapa Nadiah Amirah, Jamil Omar, 55, ialah guru di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tun Sardon manakala ibunya, Zakiah Zakaria, 51, mengajar di sebuah sekolah kebangsaan di Rengit.

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